Biology 11mrs. N. Gill

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Mud sunfish

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Actinopterygii
Order:Perciformes
Family:Centrarchidae
Subfamily:Lepominae
Genus:Acantharchus
T. N. Gill, 1864
Species:
Binomial name
Acantharchus pomotis
(S. F. Baird, 1855)
Synonyms[2]

Centrarchus pomotisBaird, 1855

Abstract Winwood, PW, Cronin, JB, Posthumus, LR, Finlayson, SJ, Gill, ND, and Keogh, JWL. Traditional resistance training effects on muscular function and performance. J Strength Cond Res 29(2): 429–439, 2015—Currently, no evidence exists as to the effectiveness of strongman training programs for performance enhancement. This study compared the effects of 7 weeks of strongman. Fungi Lab: SRJC: lab manual Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Guy Satat is a PhD student and research assistant in the Camera Culture group at the MIT Media Lab. His interests include imaging through scattering, time-re.

The mud sunfish (Acantharchus pomotis) is a freshwater ray-finned fish, a sunfish from the familyCentrarchidae, which widely distributed in the fresh waters along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from New York to Alabama. It is the only species in the genus Acantharchus.

Description[edit]

The mud sunfish is a small fish which can be distinguished from other members of its family by its possession of 5 or more spines in its anal fin, by having less than 15 gill rakers and in being the only species in its family which has cycloid scales.[3] Its body is oblong and compressed with a large mouth and eyes.[4] This species has rounded pectoral and caudal fins.[3] which are clear through to dark olive in color and the anal fin has a black margin.[4] It has a dark spot on the gill cover and the color of its body varies from brown on the back to yellowish tan on the flanks, while the juveniles are pale olive. There are 3-4 parallel dusky, horizontal stripes which extend from the cheek along the body.[3] They can grow to a maximum total length of 21 centimetres (8.3 in), although 14.1 centimetres (5.6 in) is a more common total length.[2]

Distribution[edit]

The mud sunfish is occurs along the eastern seaboard of the United States from southern New York south as far as northern Florida.[4] The range of this species just extends into Alabama where they have been recorded in Beaver dam Creek in Washington County.[3] There is a gap in their range in Maryland and Virginia, along the western part of Chesapeake Bay between the Susquehanna River and the Potomac River. It is not common anywhere in its range.[1]

Habitat and biology[edit]

The mud sunfish is found in freshwaters which are stained dark with tannins. It has been recorded in slow-moving sluggish, well vegetated creeks, rivers, ponds, lakes and swamps. As its common name suggests it prefers substrates consisting of mud or detritus.[4] This is a nocturnal species which lives at naturally low densities and as a result there have been few studies conducted on it. What has been discovered is that spawning appears to vary with latitude with gravid females being collected during the late spring and early summer in Delaware while further south, in North Carolina and Georgia spawning takes place during the early fall and late winter. They have a maximum life span of 8 years and sexual maturity is attained at one year old. Their diet is made up largely of invertebrates including amphipods, decapods, and beetles with some smaller fishes and Odonata.[3]

Conservation[edit]

The IUCN has assessed the status of the mud sunfish as Least Concern and states that its population is stable.[1] In individual states, however, there have been significant reductions in the species range. In New York the species was only recorded from the Hackensack River and it has not been collected from there since 1935.[5] Its range has also significantly reduced in New Jersey, particularly in the northern and central parts of the state but it remains reasonable common and widespread in the Pinelands. In New Jesrey the fish's decline is possibly a result of a number of reasons including land use and habitat changes and the introduction of non-native fish which predate on the mud sunfish and in this state it has been recommended that it be classified as a species of special concern. It has been extirpated from Pennsylvania.[4]

Taxonomy[edit]

The mud sunfish was first formally described as Centrarchus pomotis by Spencer Fullerton Baird in 1855 with the type locality given as Cedar Swamp Creek, Beesley's Point, Cape May County, New Jersey and the Hackensack River, Rockland County, New York.[6] In 1864, Theodore Nicholas Gill placed it in its own monospecific genus Acantharchus,[7] the new genus name being a compounf of the Greek words acanthus meaning 'thorn' and asrcus meaning 'anus'.[3]

References[edit]

  1. ^ abcNatureServe (2013). 'Acantharchus pomotis'. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T201938A2730636. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T201938A2730636.en. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  2. ^ abFroese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). 'Acantharchus pomotis' in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. ^ abcdef'Mud Sunfish'. Outdoor Alabama. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  4. ^ abcdeMichael J. Davenport (2016). 'Mud Sunfish'. New Jersey Endangered and Threatened Species Field Guide. Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  5. ^'Mud Sunfish Fact Sheet'. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  6. ^Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). 'Centrarchus pomotis'. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  7. ^Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). 'Acantharchus'. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  • 'Acantharchus pomotis'. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 5 December 2004.

Further reading[edit]

Pardue, Garland (May 1993). 'Life History and Ecology of the Mud Sunfish (Acantharchus pomotis)'. Copeia. 1993 (2): 533–540. doi:10.2307/1447156. JSTOR1447156.

Snodgrass, JW; Bryan, AL; Lide, RF; Smith, GM (February 1996). 'Factors affecting the occurrence and structure of fish assemblages in isolated wetlands of the upper coastal plain, USA'. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 53 (2): 443–454. doi:10.1139/cjfas-53-2-443.

Cashner, Robert C.; Burr, Brooks M.; Rogers, James S. (February 27, 1989). 'Geographic Variation of the Mud Sunfish, Acantharchus pomotis (Family Centrarchidae)'. Copeia. 1989 (1): 129–141. doi:10.2307/1445614. JSTOR1445614.

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mud_sunfish&oldid=996423946'
(redirected from Gills (biology))
Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia. gill1
A fish breathes by swallowing water and passing it through gill slits on each side of its head. Blood-filled filaments on the gills extract oxygen from the water as it flows through.

gill 1

(gĭl)n.
1. Zoology The respiratory organ of most aquatic animals that obtain oxygen from water, consisting of a filamentous structure of vascular membranes across which dissolved gases are exchanged.
2.
b. gillsInformal The area around the chin and neck.
3. Botany One of the thin, platelike structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus.
v.tr.
2. To gut or clean (fish).
v.intr.
Idiom:
to the gillsInformal
[Middle English gile, of Scandinavian origin.]

gill 2

(jĭl)n. Abbr. gi or gi.
1. A unit of volume or capacity in the US Customary System, used in liquid measure, equal to 1/4 of a pint or four ounces (118 milliliters).
2. A unit of volume or capacity, used in dry and liquid measure, equal to 1/4 of a British Imperial pint (142 milliliters).
[Middle English gille, from Old French, wine measure, from Late Latin gillō, vessel for cooling liquids.]

gill 3

(gĭl)n.Chiefly British
2. A narrow stream.

gill 4

also jill or Gill(jĭl)
n.Obsolete
[Middle English gille, from Gille, a woman's name.]
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

gill

(ɡɪl) n
1. (Zoology) the respiratory organ in many aquatic animals, consisting of a membrane or outgrowth well supplied with blood vessels. External gills occur in tadpoles, some molluscs, etc; internal gills, within gill slits, occur in most fishes.
2. (Botany) any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the undersurface of the cap of a mushroom
vb
3. (Angling) to catch (fish) or (of fish) to be caught in a gill net
[C14: of Scandinavian origin; compare Swedish gäl, Danish gjælle, Greek khelunē lip]
ˈgill-lessadj

gill

(dʒɪl) n
1. (Units) a unit of liquid measure equal to one quarter of a pint
2. dialectNorthern English half a pint, esp of beer
[C14: from Old French gille vat, tub, from Late Latin gillō cooling vessel for liquids, of obscure origin]

gill

(ɡɪl) or

ghyll

n
2. (Physical Geography) a wooded ravine
3. (Physical Geography) (capital when part of place name) a deep natural hole in rock; pothole: Gaping Gill.

gill

(dʒɪl) n
2. (Animals) dialect a female ferret. Also spelt: jill
3. (Plants) an archaic or dialect name for ground ivy
[C15: special use of Gill, short for Gillian, girl's name]

Gill

(ɡɪl) n
(Biography) (Arthur) Eric (Rowton). 1882–1940, British sculptor, engraver, and typographer: his sculptures include the Stations of the Cross in Westminster Cathedral, London
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

gill1

(gɪl)
n.
1. the respiratory organ of aquatic animals, as fish, that breathe oxygen dissolved in water.
2. one of the radial plates that bear spores on the underside of the cap of certain mushrooms.
Idioms:
1. green or white around the gills, somewhat pale, as from nausea or fright.
2. to the gills,Informal. fully; completely; to capacity.
[1300–50; < Scandinavian; compare Old Norse gjǫlnar]

gill2

(dʒɪl)
n.
a unit of liquid measure equal to ¼ of a pint (118.2937 ml).
[1225–75; Middle English gille < Old French: vat, tub < Late Latin gello, gillo water pot]

gill3

(gɪl)
n. Brit.
2. a rivulet.

gill4

(dʒɪl)
n.
a girl or young woman; sweetheart.
[1400–50; late Middle English, generic use of Gil(le), short form of a female given name, Gillian]
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.
gill
Fish breathe by swallowing water and passing it through gill slits on each side of their head. Blood-filled filaments on the gills extract oxygen from the water as it flows through.

gill

(gĭl)
1. The organ that enables most aquatic animals to take oxygen from the water. It consists of a series of membranes that have many small blood vessels. Oxygen passes into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide passes out of it as water passes across the membranes.
2. One of the thin, plate-like structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus.
The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

gill


Past participle: gilled
Gerund: gilling
Imperative
gill
gill
Present
I gill
you gill
he/she/it gills
we gill
you gill
they gill
Preterite
I gilled
you gilled
he/she/it gilled
we gilled
you gilled
they gilled
Present Continuous
I am gilling
you are gilling
he/she/it is gilling
we are gilling
you are gilling
they are gilling
Present Perfect
I have gilled
you have gilled
he/she/it has gilled
we have gilled
you have gilled
they have gilled
Past Continuous
I was gilling
you were gilling
he/she/it was gilling
we were gilling
you were gilling
they were gilling
Past Perfect
I had gilled
you had gilled
he/she/it had gilled
we had gilled
you had gilled
they had gilled
Future
I will gill
you will gill
he/she/it will gill
we will gill
you will gill
they will gill
Future Perfect
I will have gilled
you will have gilled
he/she/it will have gilled
we will have gilled
you will have gilled
they will have gilled
Future Continuous
I will be gilling
you will be gilling
he/she/it will be gilling
we will be gilling
you will be gilling
they will be gilling
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been gilling
you have been gilling
he/she/it has been gilling
we have been gilling
you have been gilling
they have been gilling
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been gilling
you will have been gilling
he/she/it will have been gilling
we will have been gilling
you will have been gilling
they will have been gilling
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been gilling
you had been gilling
he/she/it had been gilling
we had been gilling
you had been gilling
they had been gilling
Conditional
I would gill
you would gill
he/she/it would gill
we would gill
you would gill
they would gill
Past Conditional
I would have gilled
you would have gilled
he/she/it would have gilled
we would have gilled
you would have gilled
they would have gilled
Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011

gill

A unit of liquid volume. In the UK, 1 gill = 1⁄4 UK pt; in US (gi), 1 gi = 1⁄4 US fl pt. The two should not be confused: 1 UK gill = 1⁄2 US gi.

Biology 11 Mrs N Gillespie

Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words by Diagram Group Copyright © 2008 by Diagram Visual Information Limited

Gill

A unit of liquid volume. One gill equals one-quarter pint.
1001 Words and Phrases You Never Knew You Didn’t Know by W.R. Runyan Copyright © 2011 by W.R. Runyan
Noun1.gill - a British imperial capacity unit (liquid or dry) equal to 5 fluid ounces or 142.066 cubic centimeters
British capacity unit, Imperial capacity unit - a unit of measure for capacity officially adopted in the British Imperial System; British units are both dry and wet
fluid ounce, fluidounce - a British imperial unit of capacity or volume (liquid or dry) equal to 8 fluid drams or 28.416 cubic centimeters (1.734 cubic inches)
pint - a British imperial capacity measure (liquid or dry) equal to 4 gills or 568.26 cubic centimeters
2.gill - a United States liquid unit equal to 4 fluid ounces
United States liquid unit - a liquid unit officially adopted in the United States Customary System
fluid ounce, fluidounce - a United States unit of capacity or volume equal to 1.804 cubic inches
cup - a United States liquid unit equal to 8 fluid ounces
3.gill - any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus
plant organ - a functional and structural unit of a plant or fungus
4.gill - respiratory organ of aquatic animals that breathe oxygen dissolved in water
ctenidium - comb-like respiratory structure serving as the gill of certain mollusks
ceras - one of the often brightly colored and branching hornlike structures on the back of the nudibranch (and other related mollusks) that serve as gills
external gill - occurs in some mollusks and in tadpoles and other immature amphibians
respiratory organ - any organ involved in the process of respiration
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

gill

noun
Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002
žábrylupeny
helttakidukset
škrga
insang
lapiņažauna
lupenežiabre
mantar altı levhacıklarısolungaç

gill

1[gɪl]N [of fish] → branquiaf, agallaf
to look green about the gills →

gill

2[dʒɪl]N (= measure) →

Biology 11 Mrs N Gill -

cuarta partef de una pinta (= 0,142 litro)
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

gill

1
n (of fish) → Kiemef; green about the gills(inf) → blass um die Nase(inf)

gill

2
Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

gill

1[gɪl]n (of fish) → branchia
to be green around the gills (

Biology 11 Mrs N Gill Full

fig) (fam) → essere verde per la paura

gill

2[dʒɪl]n (measureBiology 11mrs. N. Gill) → 0,142 l
Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

gill

(gil

Biology 11 Mrs N Gill Unit

) noun
1. one of the openings on the side of a fish's head through which it breathes. kieu خَيْشوم хриле guelra žábry die Kieme gælle βράγχιοbranquia, agalla lõpus(ed) آبشش kidus ouïes זימים गलफड़ा škrga kopoltyú insang tálkn branchia えら (물고기의) 아가미 žiaunos žauna insang kieuwgjelleskrzele دګيلن ١.٣٢ برخه guelra branhii жабра žiabra škrga škrge gäl เหงือกปลา solungaç 鰓 зябра مچھلی کے گلپھڑے mang (cá) 鳃
2. a leaf-like structure on the lower side of the top of a mushroom. lelle ورقة الفِطر ламели lamela lupeny die Lamelle skive ακτινωτό φύλλο της κάτω επιφάνειας μανιταριού lamela seeneliistak تیغه قارچ heltta lamelle נבגים गले से (पशुओं) लटकने वाला मांस listići donje strane gljive sugárlemez bagian bawah dari jamur blað eða rif lamella きのこのひだ (버섯의 갓 뒷면의) 주름 lakšteliai (sēnes) lapiņa liang lamelskive blaszka تيزه خواه lamela lamelă гимениальная пластинка lupeň, riasa podgobje listić ispod šešira pečurke skiva, lamell จีบเห็ด mantar altı levhacıkları 蕈褶 гіменіальний шар کھنبوں کی نچلی چھتری کے نیچے پتہ نما تہیں lá tia (ở mũ nấm) 菌褶
gill cover
a fold of skin protecting the gills. kieudeksel غلاف الخيشوم кожа предпазваща хрилете cobertura das guelras skřele der Kiemenschutz gællelåg δέρμα που καλύπτει τα βράγχια opérculo lõpusekott درپوش؛ لایه ای که روی آبشش ماهی را پوشانده است kiduspeite opercule כיסוי הזימים मांस की परत poklopac škrga kopoltyúfedő kulit insang tálknlok opercolo branchiale えらぶた 아감딱지 lakštelių šydas selaput liang kieuwdeksel gjellelokk pokrywa skrzelowa كونجكه، دكب او داسې نورو بحرى ژوو دتنفس اّله cobertura das guelras opercul жаберная складка žiabrové viečko škržni lok premaz gällock เหงือกปลา solungaç kapağı 鰓蓋 зяброва кришка مچھلی کے گلپھڑوں کو ڈھاکا رکھنے والی چپنی nắp mang 鳃盖
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.

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